شاخص های سنجش کارآفرینی Measuring Entrepreneurship A Collection of Indicators

 

 

 

شاخص های سنجش و اندازه گیری کارآفرینی

سازمان همکاری اقتصادی و توسعه کشورهای پیشرفته

Measuring Entrepreneurship A Collection of Indicators

2009 Edition

OECD-Eurostat Entrepreneurship Indicators Programme

Section A, “Structural indicators on enterprise population”, sketches out the importance of different size classes in terms of enterprises, employment, value added and exports. These indicators can be considered the result of past entrepreneurship, but they also determine the opportunities and boundaries of present and future entrepreneurship.

A.1. Enterprises by size class
A.2. Employment by size class
A.3. Value added by size class
A.4. Exports by size class
Section B, “Entrepreneurial performance”, presents different performance measures of entrepreneurship such as birth, death and survival rates of employer firms, high-growth firms and gazelles.
B.1. Employer enterprise birth rates (manufacturing and services by industry, by size class)
B.2. Employer enterprise death rates (manufacturing and services, by industry, by size class)
B.3. One- and two-year survival rates (manufacturing and services)
B.4. Share of one- and two-year-old employer enterprises in the population (manufacturing and services)
B.5. Share of high-growth firms (employment)
B.6. Share of high-growth firms (turnover)
B.7. Share of gazelles (employment)
B.8. Share of gazelles (turnover)
B.9. Employment creation by enterprise births
B.10 Employment destruction by enterprise deaths
Section C, “Timely indicators of entrepreneurship” shows the first results of using other data sources to develop insights on recent trends in entrepreneurship. Data are presented for a subset of countries, but as already mentioned, more countries are to be included in the future.
C.1. Timely indicators on enterprise entries for selected countries
C.2. Timely indicators on enterprise exits for selected countries
Section D, “Entrepreneurial determinants” presents different indicators for the six groups of entrepreneurial determinants within the EIP framework. The choice of indicators is based on their availability and the possibility to update them on a regular basis. Information on the quality of the indicators (comparability in terms of accuracy and availability) is also discussed.
D.1. Knowledge creation and diffusion
D.1.a. Business R&D intensity, by size class of firms
D.1.b. Firms with new-to-market innovations, by size
D.1.c. Firms collaborating on innovation, by size
D.1.d Turnover from e-commerce
D.2. Access to finance
D.2.a Ease of access to loans
D.2.b. Business angels (networks)
D.2.c. Venture capital investments
D.2.d. Share of high-technology sectors in total venture capital
D.3. Entrepreneurial capabilities
D.3.a. Population with tertiary education
D.3.b. Self-employment by place of birth
D.3.c. International students in tertiary education
D.3.d. Population aged 18-64 with training in starting a business
D.4. Regulatory framework
D.4.a. Ease of doing business
D.4.b. Barriers to entrepreneurship
D.4.c. Top statutory personal income tax rate
D.4.d. Top statutory corporate income tax rate
D.5. Market conditions
D.5.a./b. Competition law and policy indicator (main components)
D.5.c. Import burden
D.5.d. Export burden
D.6. Entrepreneurial culture
D.6.a. Preference for self-employment
D.6.b. Entrepreneurial perceptions
D.6.c. Positive image of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs
D.6.d. Negative image of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs

The graphs in the following pages present the indicators of entrepreneurship performance and determinants across countries. They give interesting information but should not be understood to rank individual countries in terms of their level of entrepreneurship. Indeed, one of the main observations arising from the empirical evidence is the difference in countries’ entrepreneurial regimes and thus the need for a differentiated analysis, while controlling for differences among countries, industries and enterprises.

واژه های کلیدی: کارآفرینی دانشگاهی ، انتقال دانش ، تجاری سازی ، کارآفرینی دانشگاهی ، ارزش آفرینی ، نشر دانش، انتقال فناوری ، آموزش کارافرینی ، آموزش و پرورش ، فعالیت های کارافرینی دانشجویان ، آموزش عالی ، کارآفرینی دانشگاهی ، کارآفرینی آموزشی ، دانشگاه کارافرین ، دانشگاه نسل سوم ، کارآفرینی دانشگاهی ، پارک های علمی و فناوری ، مراکز کارافرینی ، تاثیرات درونی و بیرونی کارافرینی دانشگاهی بر جامعه ، استارت آپ، کارآفرینی دانشگاهی ، توسعه کارآفرینی ، امتیازدهی ، استراتژی های کارافرینانه ، لیسانس دهی ، اقتصاد ، رابطه دانشگاه با صنعت ، محرک های کارافرینی دانشگاهی ، سیاست های کارافرینی 

keywords: ACADEMIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP , INDICATORS ,  Monitoring , determinants , start-up , activity , wealth creation , Entrepreneurship , economic , development , institutional environment , technology transfer , wealth creation , higher education-business , benchmarking surveys , patenting and licensing activities , university commercialisation activities , policies and strategies , driving forces  , entrepreneurship University  , academic entrepreneurship , Remarks and recommendations of use , Policies & strategies indicators , Stock of technology indicators , Resources & initiatives indicators , Human capital indicators , Start-up activity indicators , Internal impact indicators , Human capital , External impact indicators , Internal impact indicators

محتوای این فایل به عنوان یک منبع مناسب و ارزشمند برای تحقیقات مرتبط با این موضوع مفید و قابل استفاده است

هم اکنون می توانید این فایل را خریداری و دانلود نمایید

در صورت عدم دانلود و ایجاد مشکل در خرید فایل کافیست ایمیل خود را به شماره 09384419909 پیامک فرمایید.